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With
propane sky high, natural gas at record highs, fuel oil rising and
electric rates following suit, there is renewed interest in solar
domestic hot water systems. The technology is sound and well proven.
Those that invested in this technology back in the early '80s when
federal tax credits were available have enjoyed thousands of dollars
of savings. The good news is the sun is still there along with a new
30% federal tax credit.
We
can help you engineer the best systems available to incorporate your
Marathon with both your solar electric and solar thermal systems:
Thermosiphon
Systems. These systems heat water or antifreeze fluid and the
fluid rises by natural convection from collectors to the storage
tank, which is placed at a higher level. Although heat transfer is
not as rapid as other systems, no pumps are required. In thermosiphon
systems fluid movement, and therefore heat transfer, increases with
temperature, so these systems are most efficient in areas with high
levels of solar radiation such as the deep south and Caribbean.
Direct-Circulation
Systems. These systems pump water from storage to collectors
during sunny hours. Freeze protection can be obtained by
recirculating hot water from the storage tank, or by draining the
water back to a reservoir in the home (drain-down). Since the
recirculation system increases energy use while flushing reduces the
hours of operation, direct-circulation systems are used only in areas
where freezing temperatures are infrequent.
Drain-Down
Systems. Treated or untreated water is circulated through a
closed loop, and heat is transferred to potable water through a heat
exchanger (HEX). When no solar heat is available, the collector fluid
is drained into a reservoir by gravity to avoid freezing.
Closed
Loop or Indirect Water-Heating Systems. These are some of the
most prevalent solar water heaters. They use the sun to heat water or
a non-toxic antifreeze solution in the collector. The most commonly
used fluid for freeze protection is propylene glycol - the same
material used in many of your foods. When the controller senses the
collector is hotter than the water in the storage tank, a circulation
pump turns on, through a HEX (heat exchanger) then the tank.
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